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Corruption : Transparency International coince l’Union européenne

Le « Baromètre mondial de la corruption » (GCB) publié par Transparency International a révélé, ce mardi 15 juin, que près des deux tiers des citoyens de l’UE pensent que la corruption gouvernementale est un problème dans leur pays. Le GCB, qui a interrogé plus de 40 000 personnes dans le bloc, a posé des questions sur les opinions et les expériences de la corruption. Les résultats mettent en évidence certaines tendances inquiétantes dans la région.

Près de trois résidents de l’UE sur dix ont déclaré avoir été directement victimes de corruption, en versant un pot-de-vin ou en utilisant une connexion personnelle pour accéder aux services publics. Cela équivaut à plus de 106 millions de personnes.

L’enquête révèle que les soins de santé, en particulier, ont été un point chaud de la corruption alors que les gouvernements luttaient pour gérer la pandémie de COVID-19. Bien que seulement 6 % des personnes aient payé un pot-de-vin pour des soins de santé, 29 % des résidents de l’UE comptaient sur leurs relations personnelles pour obtenir des soins médicaux. De plus, la plupart des gens ne pensent pas que leur gouvernement a géré la pandémie de manière transparente.

« L’UE est souvent considérée comme un bastion d’intégrité, mais ces conclusions montrent que les pays de la région restent vulnérables aux effets insidieux de la corruption », a déclaré Delia Ferreira Rubio, présidente de Transparency International. « Pendant une crise sanitaire, utiliser des relations personnelles pour accéder aux services publics peut être aussi dommageable que de payer des pots-de-vin. Des vies peuvent être perdues lorsque les personnes connectées reçoivent un vaccin COVID-19 ou un traitement médical avant celles qui ont des besoins plus urgents. Il est crucial que les gouvernements de toute l’UE redoublent d’efforts pour assurer une reprise juste et équitable après la pandémie en cours. »

L’enquête a exploré d’autres domaines liés à la corruption, tels que les liens entre les entreprises et la politique, avec plus de la moitié des personnes interrogées pensant que leur gouvernement est dirigé par quelques intérêts privés. Les banquiers et les dirigeants d’entreprise sont perçus comme plus corrompus que n’importe quelle institution du secteur public dans la moitié de l’UE. Dans l’ensemble, plus de cinq personnes sur dix pensent que les grandes entreprises évitent souvent de payer des impôts et que les pots-de-vin ou les relations sont couramment utilisés par les entreprises pour obtenir des contrats.

Près d’un tiers des personnes pensent que la corruption s’aggrave dans leur pays, tandis que près de la moitié d’entre elles disent que leur gouvernement fait un mauvais travail pour lutter contre la corruption. En outre, seulement 21 % des personnes pensent que les fonctionnaires corrompus font face à des répercussions appropriées.

Le sentiment que les gouvernements ne font pas assez pour lutter contre la corruption et la perception que les fonctionnaires corrompus sont capables d’agir en toute impunité affectent négativement les niveaux de confiance dans les gouvernements nationaux et les institutions de l’UE. Moins de la moitié des citoyens de l’UE font confiance à leur gouvernement national. Alors que les institutions de l’UE s’en tirent mieux (à 56 %), le taux de confiance reste relativement faible.

« Ces résultats devraient être un signal d’alarme tant pour les gouvernements nationaux que pour les institutions européennes. La corruption sape la confiance du public et les décideurs politiques doivent écouter les préoccupations du public », a déclaré Michiel van Hulten, directeur de Transparency International EU. « De nombreuses mesures immédiates peuvent être prises pour remédier à ces problèmes, telles que l’augmentation de la transparence du lobbying aux niveaux européen et national et la lutte contre l’évasion fiscale. Et les politiques de l’UE visant à protéger les lanceurs d’alerte et à lutter contre le blanchiment d’argent doivent être transposées efficacement et rapidement dans le droit national.

Salim R.

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